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Metals Q&A

  •   Can a compression spring of nitinol be fabricated that reversible-shortens when heated and extends when cooled? What grade of nitinol would you recommend?

    Answered March 18th, 2009 by Expert: Joseph B. Kain

    Conventional shape-memory nitinol only changes shape upon heating, not cooling. There have been recent reports of successful two-way shape-memory actuators, although the amount of recoverable strain is generally about 2%, which is much lower than the typical 6–8% achieved in one-way memory. Therefore, I recommend that the design be modified to make use of one-way shape recovery upon heating, with a biasing force acting against the shape-memory element to return it upon cooling. This type of two-way shape-memory device that uses the one-way shape memory effect acting against bias forces has demonstrated large strains, high forces in both the heating and cooling directions, and excellent long-term stability. The typical biasing force is a conventional spring that is stronger than the low temperature Martensite that returns the nitinol to its low-temperature shape, yet weak enough to deform when the nitinol is heated and transforms to the high-temperature Austenite phase.

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